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Large numbers of Aboriginals died of European diseases to which they lacked immunity. The arrival of European traders, missionaries, soldiers and colonists changed the native way of life forever.

Warfare was common among Aboriginal groups as they competed for land, resources and prestige. West Coast natives preserved fish by drying and smoking. The Sioux were nomadic, following the bison (buffalo) herd. The Cree and Dene of the Northwest were hunter-gatherers.

The Huron-Wendat of the Great Lakes region, like the Iroquois, were farmers and hunters. The native people lived off the land, some by hunting and gathering, others by raising crops. When Europeans explored Canada they found all regions occupied by native peoples they called Indians, because the first explorers thought they had reached the East Indies.